Īsāna untranslated

Īsāna. One of the chief Devas.

In the Tevijjasutta (DN.i.244) he is mentioned with Indra, Soma, Varuṇa, Pajāpatī and Brahma, as being invoked by the Brahmins.

He was in the battle of the Devas against the Asuras and led a section of the Deva host. Indra tells the Devas that if, during the struggle, they felt faint-hearted, they should look at the crest of his own banner or at that of Pajāpatī, Varuṇa or Īsāna, and their fear would disappear (SN.i.219).

In the assembly of the gods, Īsāna gets the fourth seat next to Varuṇa. He is in beauty and longevity equal to Indra (SN­a.i.262).

Īsāna is an older name for Rudra (Śiva) (Böthlinck and Roth: Wörterbuch). The conception of him had so far changed by the time of Buddhaghosa that in Buddhaghosa’s accounts he is given a seat near Sakka and inferior to his. Perhaps he was one of the thirty-three gods of Tāvatiṁsa (KS.i.281, n.4).